Background and Aim: FATIGUE is one of the most common problem of multiple sclerosis. It is a sign of inefficiency in the physical, social, and cognitive function. It is a major factor in limiting the responsibilities of social work of patients. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the FATIGUE IMPACT SCALE (FIS) in Iranian and create an appropriate tool for measuring the IMPACT of FATIGUE and effectiveness of treatment and also rehabilitation interventions on FATIGUE in Iranian patients.Materials and Methods: In order to use the FIS in Iranian patients, the forward and backward translation and assessing the patient's perspective was done and the Persian version of the questionnaire was prepared.Results: The questionnaire was completed by twenty patients with multiple sclerosis. The time duration of filling out of each questionnaire took ten to twenty minutes .The final corrections was carried out. All questions of patients was acceptable and understandable and questions of "sexual activity" was completed only by married patients. The question of "financial support" was completed only by employed person (working people). Finally, as much as possible, this questionnaire was adapted with Iranian culture and sentences were confirmed by MAPI Institute.Conclusion: Persian version of the FIS is an appropriate tool for measuring the IMPACT of FATIGUE, effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation interventions on FATIGUE in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background and Aim: Measuring the outcome of chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis is an important factor in assessment of disease IMPACT on different dimensions of quality of life and in evaluation of therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the MSIS-29 which is a MS-specific outcome measure for Iranian patients.Materials and Methods: The Iranian adaptation process of the MSIS-29 included 5 steps. To evaluate psychometric properties of the translated version, the questionnaire was administered to a consecutive sample of 96 patients with clinically definite MS referred to our out-patient clinic. Test-retest reliability was assessed in a sub-sample consisted of 30 patients. These patients completed the questionnaire on two occasions separated by a 7-day interval. The Iranian version of the SF-36 was also administered to this sub-sample in order to evaluate the validity of translated MSIS-29.Results: Statistical analysis indicated that the Persian version of the MSIS-29 had high internal consistency (cronbach's alpha coefficients> 0.70) and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients >0.70) and a good validity.Conclusion: The Persian version of the MSIS-29 is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring MS outcome in Iranian patients. It can be used in clinical trials and cross-sectional studies.

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the psychometric features of the Persian version of the FATIGUE IMPACT SCALE (FIS-P) tool when used in Iranian MS patients.Methods: 140 MS patients and the equivalent number of healthy controls completed the following assessments: FIS-P, FATIGUE Severity SCALE (FSS), SF-36 questionnaire and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).Results: A significant inverse correlation between FIS and the quality of life (SF-36 assessment tool), as well as a positive and significant correlation with the FSS were noted. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) values for the inter-rater reliability for the physical, cognitive, and social sections and the whole questionnaire were 0.89, 0.86, 0.95 and 0.98, respectively. The FIS Persian version was shown to possess a high reliability (with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.953). Likewise, the ICC values for the testretest reliability were 0.86, 0.87, 0.92 and 0.93 for the physical, cognitive, social subSCALEs and the whole questionnaire, respectively. This suggested a high reliability for the FIS-P.Discussion: With a proper validity and reliability, the Persian-version of FIS retains the capability for being used in the assessment of FATIGUE and evaluation of the treatment and rehabilitation effects on FATIGUE-related symptoms among Persian-speaking patients with MS.

Introduction: FATIGUE is a common presentation in Multiple Sclerosis (MS).This study was conducted for evaluation of content, convergent and divergent validity besides test-retest, inter-rater and internal consistency of reliability of Persian-version of FATIGUE IMPACT dcale (P-FIS) in Iranian patients with MS for the first time in Iran.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive analysis, 140 MS patients and 140 healthy control participated and completed the following assessments: P-FIS, FATIGUE severity SCALE (FSS), SF-36 questionnaire, mini-mental state sxamination (MMSE) and the data were analysied by using SPSS (version 17). Spearman’s correlation was used for convergent validity of the P- FIS test with the FSS and the SF-36 tests, Mann -Whitney U test used for divergent validity, The Intra-class correlation coefficient used for inter-rater and test-retest reliability and and finally cronbach’s a was used to evaluate of internal consistency.Results: Content validity index of SCALE was 0.85. FIS had a convergent validity with the quality of life (SF-36) and also FSS. The ICC values for inter rater reliability in the physical, cognitive, and social sections and the whole questionnaire were 0.89, 0.86, 0.95 and 0.98, and for test-restest reliability were 0.86, 0.78, 0.92 and 0.93, respectively. The above findings together with the Cronbach’s α of 0.953 indicated a high reliability for the FIS Persian version.Conclusion: Having shown a sound validity and reliability, P-FIS retains the capability for being used in assessment of FATIGUE on the daily activities and evaluation the SCALE of the effects of treatment and rehabilitation interventions on FATIGUE amongst Persian-speaking patients suffering from MS.

Background & Objective: Post-stroke FATIGUE is a troublesome symptom and a common complaint of stroke patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric features of the Persian version of the FIS (FIS-P) administered to Iranian stroke patients. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional methodological study, the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the FIS (FIS-P) were examined. The participants were 280 Iranian people (140 healthy adults; 140 stroke patients) who were assessed using the FIS-P, FATIGUE severity SCALE (FSS), and SF-36 questionnaire. The content, convergent, and discriminant validity of the FIS-P were evaluated using CVR and CVI, Pearson correlation, and independent-sampling T-tests, respectively. Furthermore, inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability were assessed via the intra-class correlation coefficient and SEM. The internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’ s α . Results: The results of the CVR for items ranged from 0. 6-1, and the CVI of the FIS-P was 0. 85. The Pearson correlation measure revealed strong and inverse correlations between FIS-P and FSS and a low to moderate relationship between all subSCALEs of the SF-36 and FIS-P in terms of convergent validity. T-test results showed the discriminant validity of the FIS-P in differentiating between stroke patients and healthy participants. The ICC coefficients for test-retest and inter-rater reliability for the overall SCALE were 0. 991 and 0. 984, respectively. Cronbach’ s α was 895. Conclusion: The strong psychometric properties of the FIS-P indicated its applicability in assessing the IMPACT of FATIGUE on stroke victim’ s daily activities and the effectiveness of therapeutic and rehabilitation interventions.